TUSHE: A SIYASA DA KUMA TARIHI
Tare da Muh'd Jawad MJ
Cikin shirin Muryar Raunana
June 5, 2025
Rikicin dake cigaba da faruwa a Yemen a halin yanzu ya samo asali ne daga rashin kwanciyar hankalin da siyasar suniya da aka dade ana yi. Bayan juyin juya halin Larabawa na shekarar 2011, inda shugaba Ali Abdullah Saleh - wanda ya mulki kasar Yemen tun 1990 - aka tilasta masa yin murabus a farkon shekarar 2012. Magajinsa, Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi, ya hau karagar mulki karkashin wata yarjejeniyar raba madafun iko. Ba da jimawa ba tashin hankali ya barke yayin da rage tallafin man fetur da kuma tabarbarewar tattalin arziki suka haifar da zanga-zanga musamman a arewacin kasar. A karshen shekarar 2014 ne mayakan Houthi (Ansar Allah) suka kwace babban birnin kasar Sana'a, inda suka bukaci a rage farashin mai da kuma kafa sabuwar gwamnati. A watan Janairun 2015 sun mamaye fadar shugaban kasa, lamarin da ya sa gwamnatin Hadi ta yi murabus daga bisani kuma suka gudu zuwa Aden daga karshe suka yi gudun hijira. Kashi biyu bisa uku na mutattun da aja samu yakin Yemen (kimanin 377,000 a farkon 2022) sun kasance daga asasi na kai tsaye kamar yunwa da cututtuka, kuma a yau kimanin mutane miliyan 21.6 (kashi biyu bisa uku na yawan jama'a) suna buƙatar taimakon agaji.
KAFUWAR ANSAR ALLAH (HOUTHI)
Kungiyar Houthi (Ansar Allah) kungiya ce mai fafutukar farfado da yankin Sa'ada na Yemen da ke fama da talauci. An fara kafa ta ne a tasa'inoni (1990s) a wani bangare saboda karuwar tasirin Saudiyya da rashin kulawar gwamnatin kasar ga arewa. A shekarar 2004 ne 'yan Houthi suka kaddamar da hare-hare kan gwamnatin Saleh, inda suka gwabza yaki tare da kuma tsallakawa cikin kasar Saudiyya a shekara ta 2009. A tsawon lokaci sun samu goyon bayan daga cikin gida ta hanyar kawo karshen korafe-korafe kan cin hanci da rashawa, mayar da tattalin arzikin kasa da kuma maida tallafin man fetur a shekarar 2014. A watan Satumba na 2014 Houthis - wadanda ake zargi (musamman Riyadh da Washington) da samun goyon baya daga Iran - sun kama Sana'a l a 2016 sannan sun mallaki yawancin arewacin Yemen. Wannan faɗaɗa cikin sauri ya kawo ƙarshen mulkin da gwamnatin Hadi ke jagoranta kuma ya kafa hanyar shiga tsakani a yankin.
HADIN GWIWAR DA SAUDIYYA KE JAGORANTA (2015 - ZUWA YANZU)
A watan Maris din 2015 ne Saudiyya ta hada hadakar sojojin kasashen Larabawa guda tara (wanda suka hada da UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, Masar, Jordan, Morocco, Senegal da sauransu) don maido da gwamnatin Hadi tare da dawo da ci gaban Houthi. Bisa bukatar Saudi Arabiya, kawancen ya kaddamar da Operation "Decisive Storm" a ranar 26 ga Maris 2015. Ta sanya wani takunkumi na ruwa (a cikin watan Yunin 2015) don katse jigilar makamai na Houthi, kuma ta fara kai hare-hare ta sama a kan Houthi. Wannan "kamfen na ware tattalin arziki da kai hare-hare ta sama" an yi shi ne don tilastawa Houthis ficewa daga yankunan da suka mamaye da kuma dakile tasirin Iran da ake zargi. A cikin watanni kadan, dakarun haɗin gwiwar sun taimaka wa masu yaki da Houthi wajen kwato kudancin Yemen (ciki har da Aden a watan Yulin 2015) da kuma komawa zuwa yamma. Dalilin haka, yunƙurin kakkabe 'yan Houthis daga sansanonin arewacin ƙasar (Sana'a, Saada, Taiz) ya ci tura, duk da hare-haren jiragen saman da aka yi a shekara ta 2022. Katangewa da tashin bama-bamai ya haifar da ƙarancin abinci, man fetur da magunguna, da zurfafa rikicin a yankin. (A cikin Afrilu 2015 an sake sunan kamfen ɗin zuwa "Operation Restoring Hope".)
Manufofin da aka bayyana, maƙasudi da dabaru: Ƙungiyar kawancen da Saudiyya ke jagoranta ta sha bayyana manufofinta na maido da gwamnatin Hadi, da kare cibiyoyin Yemen, da kuma tinkarar ikon Houthi (da kuma Iran) a yankin Larabawa. A aikace, dabarunsu sun haɗa da ƙarfin jiragen sama, shingen jiragen ruwa, da dakarun ƙasa masu wakilci. Musamman ma, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta jibge dubban sojoji tare da goyon bayan mayakan sa kai na cikin gida (ciki har da majalisar rikon kwarya ta Kudu) a kudancin Yemen. Dakarun Saudiyya sun yi amfani da hare-hare ta sama da na makamai masu linzami. Masu binciken kare hakkin bil adama sun bayar da rahoton cewa hare-haren gamayyar sojojin sun sha afkawa farar hula, da abubuwan da suka hada da asibitoci, kasuwanni, gonaki da wuraren ruwa. Misali, tsarin dake lula da ruwa a Yemen da wuraren kiwon lafiya sun lalace sosai a hare-haren jiragen saman, duk da gargadin Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya. Wadannan dabarun sun jawo wa farar hula wahala sosai: wata kungiya mai sa ido ta kirga hare-haren da jiragen kawancen suka kai da haddasa asarar fararen hula sama da 19,000. Kazalika, kawancen ya ayyana dokar hana shigo da kayayyaki daga kasashen ketare, tare da takaita kayan agaji sosai. A karshen shekarar 2017, bayan da aka harba makami mai linzami na Houthi zuwa Riyadh, Saudi Arabiya ta kafa wani takunkumi ga jiragen ruwa na kusan gaba daya kan kasar Yemen - matakin da hukumomin suka ce ya kara shake hanyar shigo da abinci da mai.
... Zamu cigaba insha'Allah